Diabetes & Complications

Protecting Your Body from Long-Term Damage

10. Why Diabetes Damages Organs

Sugar Toxicity (Glucotoxicity): High sugar levels cause chemical reactions that damage proteins in the body. It essentially "rusts" the blood vessels. The longer the sugar remains high (Duration), and the higher it is (Severity), the more damage occurs.

11. Diabetes and the Heart

Indians already have a high genetic risk for heart disease; diabetes multiplies this risk by 2-4 times. High sugar damages blood vessels, making them more prone to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis).

The ABC Goal for Heart Health

  • A: A1c (Blood Sugar) controlled
  • B: Blood Pressure (< 140/90 mmHg)
  • C: Cholesterol (LDL < 70 or 100 mg/dL)

12. Diabetes and Kidneys (Nephropathy)

The kidneys are filters full of tiny blood vessels. High sugar forces them to overwork and damages these vessels.

Early Sign: Microalbuminuria (tiny amounts of protein leaking into urine). This is why your doctor asks for a urine test even if you feel fine. Caught early, this damage can often be halted.

13. Diabetes and Eyes (Retinopathy)

The retina (back of the eye) has very fine blood vessels. Diabetes can cause these to leak or become blocked. New, weak vessels may grow and bleed, causing vision loss.

Crucial Tip: Retinopathy has NO symptoms in early stages. An annual dilated eye exam is mandatory.

14. Diabetes and Nerves (Neuropathy)

High sugar damages the coating of nerves, like fraying a wire. This most commonly affects the feet.

  • Symptoms: Burning sensation, "pins and needles," numbness, or sharp pain (often worse at night).
  • Danger: If feet are numb, you won't feel a cut or blister. It can get infected without you knowing, leading to ulcers.

Daily Foot Exam: Check your feet every day for cuts, cracks, or redness.